I think that is what is often called a "liner", "pad", or a "beltless undergarment". Basically just a diaper without proper side attachments.
They are pretty cheap to make, don't have specific sizes -so fewer products on the shelf, less manufacturing specialization etc. For those reasons, back when incontinence was much more taboo, those kinds of things were a catch-all for the limited number of people willing to buy such things. Although cloth-backed became very common quite early for those types of products, they did still make plastic ones, especially in the early days.
Here is a picture of something similar from the early 80s as well as 2 modern ones that are available at northshore. The ones you have posted look especially cheap because they don't have any leak guard features, so I would guess they are store brand, and probably from the 90s.