Yes a foley catheter can , if you get the expensive ones with silver anti microbial coating longer ,it takes about a week for the biologic "crust" that will allow bacteria to colonize .
That's for an indwelling catheter, we are talking about what is called CIC Clean intermittent catheterization,5 seperate times a day I insert a catheter to remove the urine that accumulates my IC doesnt ever empty the tank so to speak , so i still leak and occasinaly flood my holding bladder size was around 1100 ML 9+ years ago with an enlarged prostate which is why I use a coude catheter [coude means it has a pointed tip, there is a raised dot on the funnel end so you know where it's pointing to get around the prostate or any urethral occlusion,the funnel end is connected to night drain bag hidden behind a "privacy shield" on the underneath of my wheelchair ,i do this 5 X's a day the most my bladder will hold now is 5-600 ML which is still alot ,my Urologist goal is to shrink and atrophy the bladder to around 50-100 ML so I have more frequent IC voids with a lot less volume and the dysfunctional bladder will lose its ability to never empty and have stale urine in it, unlike doctors 100 years ago who said urine was sterile it's not , they just couldn't detect the bacteria in it,give those bacteria a nice big puddle of warm moistness for any length of time they will grow expoenetialy ,your bladder is a great bateria "cooker" enviroment ,growing bacteria in a petri dish is alot harder then your bladder .
So that's the major difference between indwelling and intermittent catheters .( that doesnt include Suprapubic catheters which are installed in your pelvic area and are foley catheters but not using your urethra they make a new hole , or a Mittranoff continent urinary diversion where they put a new hole usually around the belly button area and you insert the cathter there to drain your bladder , those are very popular with women in wheelchairs no need for diapers or worry about actual urethra they can seal that up well keeping a healthy vagina and reproductive ability and no leaking during sex or any activity ,of course it does require vigilant attention to draining the bladder otherwise you could do some damage ], there is probably methods that i am spacing out on but that is pretty much catheters 101.suprapubic seem more popular with men , there are a few here who have them.
The major downside to intermittent catheters if your technique is bad or inadequate lubrication (that's pretty much solved by hydrophylic cathters) you can cause micro cuts to the urethra that over time become scar tissue and you lose urethral access and have to have a Suprapubic that you place weekly or monthly , like the old saying today's solution is tommorows problem ,so the catheters you were inserting to stay healthy become unhealthy and you need surgery to restore your ability to remove waste .
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